Ku barwayi bafite indwara y'impyiko yo mu cyiciro cya nyuma (ESRD), hemodialysis ni uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bwo kuvura. Mu gihe cyo kuvurwa, amaraso na dialysate bihurira na dialyzer (impyiko z'ubukorano) binyuze mu gice cy'umubiri gishobora kwinjiramo, bigatuma habaho ihererekanya ry'ibintu bitwarwa n'ibiciro by'ibice. Imashini ya hemodialysis igira uruhare runini mu gusukura amaraso ikuraho imyanda ya metabolike n'amashanyarazi arenze mu gihe ishyira ioni za kalisiyumu na bikarubonate muri dialysate mu maraso. Muri iyi nkuru, tuzasuzuma iby'ibanze by'imashini za hemodialysis kandi tuyobore uburyo bwo guhitamo igikoresho cyiza kugira ngo ubuvuzi burusheho kuryoha.

 

Gusobanukirwa imashini zikora hemodialysis

Imashini zitunganya amaraso zigizwe n'uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi: uburyo bwo kugenzura amaraso n'uburyo bwo gutanga amaraso. Uburyo bw'amaraso bufite inshingano zo kugenzura imiyoboro y'amaraso hanze y'umubiri, kandi uburyo bwa dialysate butegura umuti wa dialysate wujuje ibisabwa binyuze mu kuvanga ibintu bivanze n'amazi ya RO hanyuma bugatwara umuti kuri dialysate. Muri hemodialyza, dialysate ikora uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amaraso y'umurwayi, kwinjira no kuyayungurura mu buryo bwa ultrafiltration binyuze mu gice cy'amaraso gishobora kwinjira, kandi hagati aho, amaraso yo gusukura azagaruka mu mubiri w'umurwayi binyuze muri sisiteme igenzura amaraso, kandi sisiteme ya dialysate isohora amazi y'imyanda. Ubu buryo buhoraho bwo gusukura amaraso neza.

Ubusanzwe, uburyo bwo kugenzura amaraso bugizwe n'imashini ipompa amaraso, imashini ya heparin, uburyo bwo kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso n'imitsi, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kumenya umwuka. Ibice by'ingenzi bya sisitemu yo gutanga dialyse ni uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe, uburyo bwo kuvanga, uburyo bwo gusukura umwuka, uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'amaraso, uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'amaraso mu buryo bwa ultrafiltration, uburyo bwo kumenya aho amaraso ava, n'ibindi.

Ubwoko bubiri bw'ibanze bw'imashini zikoreshwa muri hemodialysis ni bwo busanzweimashini ikora hemodialysis (HD)n'imashini itunganya amaraso (HDF)imashini za HDF zikoreshadialyzer zikoresha flux nyinshibitanga uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyungurura - gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza mu buryo bworoshye ikurwaho rya molekile nini n'ibintu byangiza no kongera kuzuza iyoni z'ingenzi binyuze mu gusimbuza imikorere yo gutanga.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubuso bw'urukiramende rw'icyuma gipima amaraso bugomba kwitabwaho mu gihe umurwayi arwaye, harimo ibiro bye, imyaka ye, uburwayi bw'umutima, ndetse n'uburyo imitsi ye igera mu maraso mu gihe ahitamo ibikoresho bipima amaraso. Buri gihe banza uganire n'inama ya muganga kugira ngo umenye neza icyo gipimo.dialyseur ikwiye.

 

Guhitamo imashini ikwiye yo gupima amaraso

Umutekano n'ubunyangamugayo ni byo by'ingenzi. Dore ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma:

1. Ibiranga umutekano

Imashini ikora hemodialysis ikwiye kugira uburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura umutekano n'uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru. Izi mashini zigomba kuba zifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya indwara zidasanzwe no gutanga amakuru nyayo ku bakoresha.

Gukurikirana mu buryo bwihuse ni ugukurikirana buri gihe umuvuduko w'amaraso n'imitsi, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'ibindi bipimo by'ingenzi mu gihe cyo gusukura amaraso. Imiburo y'amajwi ku bibazo nk'umwuka mu maraso warenze umuvuduko w'amaraso, cyangwa umuvuduko utari wo wo mu maraso.

 2. Ubuziranenge bw'imikorere

Ubuhanga bw'imashini bugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ubuvuzi kandi ubusanzwe bugenzurwa hakurikijwe ibi bikurikira:

Igipimo cyo kuyungurura mu buryo bwa Ultrafiltration: imashini igomba kugenzura neza amazi akuwe ku murwayi.

Gukurikirana uburyo umwuka ugenda: kugenzura ko dialysate iri ku rugero rukwiye rwa electrolyte.

Kugenzura ubushyuhe: imashini igomba kubungabunga dialysate ku bushyuhe bwizewe kandi bwiza.

 3. Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha

Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha bushobora kongera uburambe ku barwayi ndetse n'abakora. Shaka imashini zifite uburyo bwo kugenzura bwihuse n'amashusho agaragara neza bituma byoroha gukurikirana ibipimo by'ubuvuzi.

4. Kubungabunga no Gushyigikira

Tekereza ku bushobozi bwa serivisi z'ubufasha mu bya tekiniki no kubungabunga imashini zatoranijwe. Ubufasha bwizewe bushobora kwemeza ko ibibazo byose bikemurwa vuba, bigagabanya ibibazo mu kuvura.

 5. Iyubahirizwa ry'amahame ngenderwaho

Imashini ikoresha hemodialysis igomba kubahiriza amahame ngenderwaho y’umutekano n’ubuziranenge yashyizweho n’inzego zishinzwe kugenzura. Uku kubahiriza amategeko ni ingenzi kugira ngo umurwayi agire umutekano kandi avurwe neza.

 

Imashini zitunganya hemodialysis n'umukozi wazo zikora

Itsindaimashini ikora icyitegererezo cya hemodialysis W-T2008-Bbyakozwe naChengdu Wesleyihuza uburambe bw'ikipe mu nganda n'udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Iyi mashini yagenewe gukoreshwa mu mashami y'ubuvuzi kandi yahawe icyemezo cya CE, ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ituze, umutekano w'abarwayi n'ihumure, ndetse n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ku bakozi b'ubuvuzi. Ifite pompe ebyiri n'icyumba cyo gutanga no kugarura amazi neza, igishushanyo cyihariye cyo kwemeza ko ultrafiltration ari nziza. Ibice by'ingenzi by'iyi mashini bitumizwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika, nka valve za solenoid zigenzura neza uburyo imiyoboro ifunguka kandi igafungwa, hamwe na chips zizemeza igenzura ry'amakuru neza.

 

Imbere uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano sisitemu

Iyi mashini ikoresha uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura no kurinda umwuka, ibikoresho bipima urwego rw'amazi n'iby'utubumbe, bishobora kubuza umwuka uri mu maraso kwinjira mu mubiri w'umurwayi kugira ngo bihagarike impanuka zo mu mwuka. Byongeye kandi, iyi mashini ifite ahantu habiri ho kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ahantu habiri ho kuyobora, igenzura ko ubwiza bwa dialysate bugumaho mu gihe cyose cyo kuvurwa. Sisitemu y'ubuhanga itanga ibitekerezo byihuse ku bintu byose bidasanzwe mu gihe cyo kuvurwa dialysate. Inzogera ya acousto-optic imenyesha abakora iyo mashini gusubiza vuba ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, yongera umutekano w'umurwayi n'uburyo bwo kuvura.

Hashingiwe ku ishingiro rya W-T2008-B,Imashini itunganya amaraso ya W-T6008SYongeraho agakoresho gapima umuvuduko w'amaraso, filter za endotoxin, na Bi-Cart nk'uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora. Ishobora guhinduranya byoroshye hagati ya HDF na HD mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. Shyiramo dialyzers nyinshi, zoroshya gukuraho molekile nini mu maraso, iyo mashini yongera imikorere myiza n'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura.