Ku barwayi bafite indwara zimpyiko zanyuma (ESRD), hemodialyse ni uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura kandi bwiza. Mugihe cyo kuvura, amaraso na dialysate bihura na dialyzer (impyiko yubukorikori) binyuze mumyanya iciriritse, bigatuma habaho guhanahana ibintu biterwa na gradients. Imashini ya hemodialysis igira uruhare runini mugusukura amaraso ikuraho imyanda ya metabolike hamwe na electrolytite irenze mugihe winjiza calcium ion na bicarbonate muri dialyse mu maraso. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ishingiro ryimashini ya hemodialyse tunayobora uburyo bwo guhitamo igikoresho cyiza cyane kugirango ubuvuzi bworohewe.

 

Gusobanukirwa Imashini ya Hemodialyse

Imashini ya Hemodialysis isanzwe igizwe na sisitemu ebyiri zingenzi: sisitemu yo kugenzura amaraso hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga dialyse. Sisitemu yamaraso ishinzwe kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso kandi sisitemu ya dialysate itegura igisubizo cyujuje ibisabwa cya dialyse ivanze na concentrated hamwe namazi ya RO kandi ikohereza igisubizo kuri dialyzer. Muri hemodialyser, dialysate ikora ikwirakwizwa rya solute, kwinjira, hamwe na ultrafiltration hamwe namaraso yumurwayi binyuze mumyanya iciriritse, kandi hagati aho, amaraso yoza azasubira mumubiri wumurwayi na sisitemu yo kugenzura amaraso kandi sisitemu ya dialyse ikuraho amazi yimyanda. Ubu buryo bwo gusiganwa ku magare bukomeza kweza amaraso neza.

Mubisanzwe, sisitemu yo kugenzura amaraso ikubiyemo pompe yamaraso, pompe ya heparin, gukurikirana imiyoboro yumuvuduko wamaraso, hamwe na sisitemu yo kumenya ikirere. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gutanga dialyse ni sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe, sisitemu yo kuvanga, sisitemu ya degas, sisitemu yo kugenzura imiyoboro, kugenzura ultrafiltration, kumenya amaraso yamenetse, nibindi.

Ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwimashini zikoreshwa muri hemodialyse nizisanzweimashini ya hemodialyse (HD)naimashini ya hemodiafiltration (HDF). Imashini ya HDF ikoreshahejuru-flux dialyzerstanga uburyo bunoze bwo kuyungurura - gukwirakwiza no guhuza imbaraga kugirango ukureho molekile nini nibintu byuburozi no kuzuza ion zingenzi mugikorwa cyo gutanga.

Birakwiye ko tumenya ko ubuso bwa membrane ya dialyzer bugomba kwitabwaho mubihe byumurwayi wihariye, harimo uburemere, imyaka, imiterere yumutima, hamwe nimiyoboro y'amaraso mugihe uhisemo dialyzer. Buri gihe ujye inama na muganga wumwuga kugirango umenyedialyzer ikwiye.

 

Guhitamo Imashini ikwiye ya Hemodialyse

Umutekano nukuri nibyo byihutirwa. Hano hari ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba gusuzuma:

1. Ibiranga umutekano

Imashini yujuje ibyangombwa igomba kuba ifite uburyo bukomeye bwo gukurikirana umutekano hamwe na sisitemu yo gutabaza. Sisitemu igomba kuba yunvikana bihagije kugirango imenye ibihe bidasanzwe kandi itange amakuru yukuri kubakoresha.

Igenzura-nyaryo ni ugukurikirana guhoraho k'umuvuduko w'amaraso n'amaraso, umuvuduko w'amazi, nibindi bipimo byingenzi mugihe cya dialyse. Sisitemu yo kumenyesha iburira ibibazo nkumwuka uri mumaraso yarenze umuvuduko wamaraso, cyangwa igipimo cya ultrafiltration kitari cyo.

 2. Ukuri kwimikorere

Ubusobanuro bwimashini bugira ingaruka kumikorere yubuvuzi kandi mubisanzwe bisuzumwa nibi bikurikira:

Igipimo cya Ultrafiltration: imashini igomba kugenzura neza amazi yakuwe kumurwayi.

Gukurikirana imigenzereze: kwemeza dialyse iri muburyo bwiza bwa electrolyte.

Kugenzura ubushyuhe: imashini igomba gukomeza dialysate ku bushyuhe bwiza kandi bwiza.

 3. Umukoresha-Nshuti Imigaragarire

Umukoresha-ukoresha interineti irashobora kuzamura cyane uburambe kubarwayi ndetse nababikora. Shakisha imashini zifite igenzura ryimbitse kandi risobanutse neza byoroshye gukurikirana ibipimo byo kuvura.

4. Kubungabunga no Gushyigikira

Reba ubushobozi bwa tekiniki ya tekiniki na serivisi zo kubungabunga imashini zatoranijwe. Inkunga yizewe irashobora kwemeza ko ibibazo byose byakemuwe vuba, bikagabanya guhungabana kwivuza.

 5. Kubahiriza ibipimo

Imashini ya hemodialysis igomba kubahiriza umutekano nubuziranenge bijyanye ninzego zibishinzwe. Uku kubahiriza ni ngombwa mu kurinda umutekano w’abarwayi no kuvurwa neza.

 

Imashini irwanya Hemodialysis Imashini nuwabikora

Uwitekaimashini ya hemodialysis moderi W-T2008-Bbyakozwe naChengdu Wesleyihuza itsinda ryimyaka hafi mirongo itatu yuburambe mu nganda no guhanga udushya. Imashini yagenewe gukoreshwa mubice byubuvuzi kandi yakiriye icyemezo cya CE, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ituze, umutekano wumurwayi no kumererwa neza, no koroshya imikorere kubakozi bo mubuvuzi. Ifite pompe ebyiri hamwe nogutanga neza-no-gusubira-amazi-kuringaniza icyumba, igishushanyo cyihariye cyo kwemeza ultrafiltration neza. Ibice byingenzi bigize imashini bitumizwa mu Burayi no muri Amerika, nka solenoid valve ituma igenzura neza imiyoboro ifungura no gufunga, hamwe na chipi zemeza gukurikirana no gukusanya amakuru neza.

 

Yateye imbere kurinda umutekano Sisitemu

Imashini ikoresha uburyo bubiri bwo gukurikirana no kurinda ikirere, urwego rwamazi hamwe nubushakashatsi bwa bubble, bushobora gukumira neza umwuka wamaraso utembera mumubiri wumurwayi kugirango uhagarike impanuka ziterwa na embolism. Byongeye kandi, imashini ifite ibikoresho bibiri byo gukurikirana ubushyuhe n amanota abiri yo gutwara neza, bigatuma ubwiza bwa dialyse bugumaho mugihe cyose cyo kuvura. Sisitemu yo gutabaza ifite ubwenge itanga ibitekerezo-nyabyo kubintu byose bidasanzwe mugihe cya dialyse. Impuruza ya acousto-optique iraburira abashinzwe gusubiza vuba ibibazo byose, byongera umutekano wumurwayi no kuvura neza.

Ukurikije ishingiro rya W-T2008-B, theImashini ya W-T6008S hemodiafiltrationongeraho monitor yumuvuduko wamaraso, filteri ya endotoxine, na Bi-Cart nkibikoresho bisanzwe. Irashobora guhinduka byoroshye hagati ya HDF na HD mugihe cyo kuvura. Shyiramo na dialys-flux-flux, yorohereza kuvana molekile nini mumaraso, imashini yongerera imbaraga muri rusange no guhumurizwa nubuvuzi.